BMW - Engine Operation
THE ULTIMATE DRIVING MACHINE
Tuesday, 9 October 2012
Discussion On : System Operation
Basic Operation of The System
BMW’s new N55 engine family’s 306
horsepower and 400Nm power and torque output figures reminds us of the original
moment when BMW first announced it was bringing back forced induction into the
BMW engine line-up. The N54 engine was factory rated to put out that exact same
amount, and it did that via the use of gasoline direct injection and two
turbochargers running together, fed gas from three cylinders each.
Three years later, we still have 306
horsepower and 400Nm of torque, but BMW has achieved it using only one
turbocharger instead of two. The new N55B30 engine also churns out peak boost
and torque faster than the N54, with 400Nm hit at the 1,200rpm point instead of
the N54B30′s 1,3000rpm mark.
ENGINE BMW N55
TWIN SCROLL
The single turbocharger uses twin
scroll technology. The twin scroll turbine housing uses dual side by side
exhaust gas inlets into the housing, fed by two sources of exhaust pulses. A
single path is also not able to take advantage of all the exhaust gas pulses
effectively. Since there are two passages, each has a smaller overall volume
than a single scroll turbo path, thus the exhaust velocity of each pulse can be
maintained.
The N55B30 is not the first BMW
engine to use a twin scroll turbocharger, as the BMW Prince engine in the MINI
Cooper S also uses one. In the Cooper S, the turbocharger’s twin-scroll
principle is fed by two sets of two cylinders each, while in this N55 inline-6
engine it is two groups of 3 cylinders each.
The N54 did not feature valvetronic
because in a turbocharged engine, throttle losses can be countered by the
positive pressure of the turbocharged air being blown into the engine. But the
main reason there was no Valvetronic is because the complexity of designing a
cylinder head that could fit Valvetronic mechanisms as well as direct
injection. It is because of this reason that the N53 normally asp
BMW engineers probably finally
managed to cram all that technology into the engine and make it possible for
them to work all together. The new N55B30 has both a new generation Valvetronic
variable valve management system and High Pressure Injection (direct injection
at up to 200 bar). Valvetronic replaces the throttle butterfly functions with a
control unit infinitely varying the valve stroke on the intake valves. This
means the intake is not obstructed by a partially closed throttle during low
load operations. The new N55 also features a map-controlled oil pump which
takes up less energy, which BMW says is a first in a turbocharged engine.
One of the variations of the
Volkswagen EA888 engine also features variable valve management combined with
direct injection but the EA888′s valvelift system is only fitted on the exhaust
valves of the engine and works in two stages – a high cam and a low cam, unlike
Valvetronic which is continuously variable.
Fitted in the newly unveiled BMW
353GT, the new N55B30 engine takes the machine from 0 to 100km/h in just 6.3
seconds, up to a top speed of 250km/h.
irated direct injection engines also
do not feature Valvetronic.
VALVETRONIC FOR BMW N55
Sunday, 30 September 2012
Discussion On : Component Identification
Component Identification
Engine
housing:-
· Engine block ( crankcase and bedplate )
·
Cylinder
head
·
Cylinder
head cover
·
Oil
pan
·
Gasket
Engine block :-
·
Made
from an aluminium die-casting
·
Consist
of the crankcase and bedplate.
Crankcase and bedplate :-
·
Crankcase
feature cast iron cylinder liners
·
Webs
between two cylinders on the deck on the block have a grooved cooling passage.
·
Coolant
flow along the grooves from one side of the crankcase to the other, thus
enhancing cooling of these area.
·
Five
oil return ducts on the exhaust side
·
Five
oil return ducts on the intake side
NO
|
EXPLAINATION
|
1
|
COOLING DUCT
|
2
|
CYLINDER
LINER
|
3
|
GROOVED
COOLING PASSAGE
|
4
|
OIL RETURN
DUCT, EXHAUST SIDE
|
5
|
OIL RETURN
DUCT, RETURN SIDE
|
Crankshaft :-
·
Lightweight
design, at 20.3 kg
·
Approximately
3 kg lighter than the crankshaft in N54 engine
·
Made
of cast iron ( GGG70 )
·
No
incremental wheel installed on the crankshaft
·
Counterweight
are arranged asymmetrically
NO.
|
EXPLAINATION
|
A
|
COUNTERWEIGHT
|
1
|
MAIN BEARING
JOURNAL 7
|
2
|
OIL HOLE FROM
BIG – END BEARING TO MAIN BEARING
|
3
|
OIL HOLE FROM
MAIN BEARING TO BIG - END BEARING
|
4
|
BIG – END
BEARING JOURNAL , CYLINDER 4
|
Pistons
and rings :-
·
A
full slipper skirt piston with a diameter of 82.5 mm.
·
1st
piston ring- plain rectangular compression ring with a chrome-ceramic coating
on the contact surface
·
2nd
piston ring- is a tapered faced Napier type ring
·
Oil
scrape ring- designed as a steel band ring with spring that is also known as VF
system
NO
|
EXPLAINATION
|
1
|
PLAIN
RECTANGULAR COMPRESSION RING
|
2
|
TAPERED FACED
NAPIER RING
|
3
|
VF SYSTEM
RING
|
4
|
STEEL INLAY
FOR FIRST PISTON RING
|
5
|
GROOVE FOR
FIRST PISTON RING
|
6
|
GROOVE FOR
SECOND PISTON RING
|
7
|
GROOVE FOR
OIL SCRAPER RING
|
8
|
HOLE FOR
LUBRICANT OIL DRAIN
|
9
|
GRAPHITE
COATING
|
Connecting
Road and Bearing :-
·
Size
– 144.35 mm
·
New
features is the specially formed hole in the small end of the connecting road.
·
This
formed hole is machined wider on the lower edges of the wrist pin bushing /
bore
NO
|
EXPLAINATION
|
1
|
BUSHING
|
2
|
CONNECTING
ROAD
|
Oil
pan :-
·
Made
up of aluminium casting
·
Oil
deflector and the intake pipe to the oil pump are designed as one component
·
To
facilitate attachment to the bedplate , the oil return ducts are designed so
that they extend over the oil deflector.
NO
|
EXPLAINATION
|
1
|
OIL PUMP
|
2
|
OIL RETURN
DUCTS , INTAKE SIDE
|
3
|
BEDPLATE
|
4
|
OIL DEFLECTOR
|
5
|
INTAKE
MANIFOLD WITH OIL SCREEN FILTER
|
6
|
OIL RETURN
DUCTS , EXHAUST SIDE
|
Monday, 24 September 2012
Introduction to Engine Operation : (Definition of the system) part 2
ii) Locations of the systems in vehicles
The automobile layout describes where on the vehicle the engine and drive wheels are found.
Many different combinations of engine location and driven wheels are found in practice, and the location of each is dependent on the application the vehicle will be used for.
Factors influencing the design choice include cost, complexity, reliability, packaging (location and size of the passenger compartment and boot), weight distribution and the vehicle's intended handling characteristics.
4 types of Engine layout :
1) Front Engine Front Drive (FF)
2) Front Engine Rear Drive (FR)
3) Midship Engine Rear Drive (MR)
4) Rear Engine Rear Drive (RR)
The automobile layout describes where on the vehicle the engine and drive wheels are found.
Many different combinations of engine location and driven wheels are found in practice, and the location of each is dependent on the application the vehicle will be used for.
Factors influencing the design choice include cost, complexity, reliability, packaging (location and size of the passenger compartment and boot), weight distribution and the vehicle's intended handling characteristics.
4 types of Engine layout :
1) Front Engine Front Drive (FF)
2) Front Engine Rear Drive (FR)
3) Midship Engine Rear Drive (MR)
4) Rear Engine Rear Drive (RR)
source : wikipedia
Saturday, 15 September 2012
Introduction to Engine Operation : (Definition of the system)
i) Definition of the Systems
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion. Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to create motion.
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. This force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy.
The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine.
Operation of Four Stroke Engine
Four-stroke internal combustion engines have four basic steps that repeat with every two revolutions of the engine:
(1) Intake stroke
(2) Compression stroke
(3) Power stroke and
(4) Exhaust stroke
1. Intake stroke: The first stroke of the internal combustion engine is also known as the suction stroke because the piston moves to the maximum volume position (downward direction in the cylinder). The inlet valve opens as a result of the cam lobe pressing down on the valve stem, and the vaporized fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber. The inlet valve closes at the end of this stroke.
2. Compression stroke: In this stroke, both valves are closed and the piston starts its movement to the minimum volume position (upward direction in the cylinder) and compresses the fuel mixture. During the compression process, pressure, temperature and the density of the fuel mixture increases.
3. A Power stroke: When the piston reaches a point just before top dead center, the spark plug ignites the fuel mixture. The point at which the fuel ignites varies by engine; typically it is about 10 degrees before top dead center. This expansion of gases caused by ignition of the fuel produces the power that is transmitted to the crank shaft mechanism.
4. Exhaust stroke: In the end of the power stroke, the exhaust valve opens. During this stroke, the piston starts its movement in the maximum volume position. The open exhaust valve allows the exhaust gases to escape the cylinder. At the end of this stroke, the exhaust valve closes, the inlet valve opens, and the sequence repeats in the next cycle.
Operation of Wankel Engine
The Wankel engine (rotary engine) does not have piston strokes. It operates with the same separation of phases as the four-stroke engine with the phases taking place in separate locations in the engine. In thermodynamic terms it follows the Otto engine cycle, so may be thought of as a "four-phase" engine. While it is true that three power strokes typically occur per rotor revolution due to the 3:1 revolution ratio of the rotor to the eccentric shaft, only one power stroke per shaft revolution actually occurs; this engine provides three power 'strokes' per revolution per rotor giving it a greater power-to-weight ratio than piston engines. This type of engine was most notably used in the Mazda RX-8, the earlier RX-7, and other models.
Mazda RX-8 Wankel Engine |
source : wikipedia
Common Types of Engine
- Singles : typically used in motorbikes, snowblowers, chainsaws etc.
- V-twins : found in motorbikes.
- The triple : almost unique to Triumph motorbikes where they call it the
Speed Triple, or the 675.
- Straight 4/Inline-fours : the mainstay of car engines, as well as being found in
some motorbikes too such as the BMW K1200S.
- Straight 5/Inline fives : used a lot in Audi but have found a new home in
current Volvo.
- The V5 : find in some Volkswagen.
- The V6 : has the benefits of being smoother than an inline-four but without
the fuel economy issues of a V8.
- Boxer engines : found in BMW motorbikes (twins), Porsche and
Subaru (fours and sixes).
source : http://www.carbibles.com/fuel_engine_bible.html
(...will continue on Location of the system in vehicle in the next post...)
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